irrational and the non-logical in much modern discussion is 
merely the rediscovery of the ordinary transactions between 
the self and the world, or between subject and object. Such 
transactions had seemed to end with the effects of phonetic 
literacy in the Greek world. Literacy had made of the 
enlightened individual a closed system, and set up a gap 
between appearance and reality which ended with such 
discoveries as the stream of consciousness.

     As Joyce expressed it in the Wake , “My consumers are 
they not my producers?” Consistently, the twentieth century 
has worked to free itself from the conditions of passivity, which 
is to say, from the Gutenberg heritage itself. And this dramatic 
struggle of unlike modes of human insight and outlook has 
resulted in the greatest of all human ages, whether in the arts 
or in the sciences. We are living in a period richer and more